Peter Davids brings up the apparent contradiction between two New Testament teachings regarding the welcoming of strangers. Whereas the general tenor of the NT teaches the principle of Christian hospitality toward others (cf. Hebrews 13:2), it seems to actually be prohibited in II John 10. To address this issue, there are several points that need to be clarified.
The first, and most important, considerations is to look at the context of this command by John. It is addressed to “the elect lady and her children.” That is almost universally understood by commentators to refer to the hostess of a home church and those who meet in her home. In other words, it has nothing to say regarding whom you wish to entertain privately at your own house.
Secondly, verse 10 is preceded in verses 7-9 by a description of those who should be excluded from your home church gatherings. These include (1) those who teach that Jesus the man and Christ, the second person of the Trinity, are not the same person as well as (2) those who do not hold to the teachings of Christ in general. Note that these criteria are a bit loose and subject to much interpretation depending upon the exact circumstances.
Lastly, the reason for such exclusion is given in verse 11: If you welcome such people into your group, you are aiding and abetting Satan. Once we understand this underlying reason for the teaching, it does give us more guidelines by which to judge individual situations. And we get some additional help from passages such as Romans 14:1 in which Paul advises the church in Rome: “As for the man who is weak in faith, welcome him, but not for disputes over opinions.” To understand this one, we must keep in mind that just because a person is “weak” in the faith, that does not at all correlate with how strongly he may express his own opinions on any spiritual topic. As a biblical example, Apollos was a powerful Christian speaker who, however, needed to be taken aside by two itinerant tent makers to correct him on his incomplete theology.
Let me share a few examples from my own life which may illustrate how these various teachings were or were not well followed:
At the first church I attended after leaving for graduate school, we had a small evening college fellowship. Once we decided to have a short series on the subject of science and the Bible, and invited a select, and quite diverse, group of outside speakers. One was a very belligerent fundamentalist pastor in town who had a weekly radio show. He came in with an obvious chip on his shoulder and assumed without any evidence that we were a group of flaming liberals or atheists masquerading as Christians. We listened to him rant and rave for an hour without comment from us and thanked him for coming as he walked out in a huff. The young woman in our church who had suggested him as a visiting speaker later reported a little bemusedly that we were the subject of his following weekly tirade even though we hadn't said a single word to offend him.
Another speaker for this same series was a professor who taught an introductory class in the Bible at the University of Oregon. We began as usual with the singing of a few hymns and an opening prayer. The prof began his talk by saying, “I can tell that you people are not what I would call very theologically sophisticated, and so I will try to talk down to a level you might be able to comprehend.” Again, I was very proud of our group because they did not take any obvious offense in what he said, but listened politely without comment.
It might be said that we had totally ignored John's advice in inviting these two speakers, but fortunately all of us in the group were rather experienced and dedicated Christians, and thus there was not the slightest chance of us being misled in either direction with what they said. Instead, it only served to strengthen our faith even more after seeing such rude examples from both extremes of the theological spectrum.
While at the U of O, I roomed with four Catholics. At one of the houses we rented, a very polite Jehovah Witness came to the door, and one of my roommates thought it might be interesting to invite him back in the evening. Since none of them possessed a Bible, I loaned them a couple of mine to share between them. The man returned, accompanied by his small son (By the way, this was a wise move on his part and probably one of the things they are taught since they know that no one is likely to get highly argumentative with a person while his impressionable son is looking on).
He started in on one of the main points of contention Christians have with the Witnesses, the deity of Christ. He would ask us to turn to a passage, at which point I had to help my roommates find where the New Testament was and how to find that particular book and chapter in it. He would then read the verse, eliminating all surrounding context, and in each case it was fortunate that I could easily point to a verse nearby which clarified the passage and totally invalidated his point. He went through a number of passages in that manner, and we thanked him for his time as he left. I am not sure that I managed to convince him of any of the points I had made, but it did have a salutary effect on my roommates.
At least with a Jehovah Witness, there is a basis of commonality in a belief in the Bible. I can't say the same for the Mormons. I am afraid that the few times I went with Gwen to the local Mormon church library for her genealogy research, I got the creeps just looking at some of the pictures they had hanging on their walls. But I would have brief encounters at my front door with the young pairs of men who liked to canvass our neighborhood. Just the fact that they were no more than 20 years old and called themselves “elders” was enough to turn me off. I did do them the courtesy of reading the Book of Mormon cover to cover and making notes in the margin on all the mistakes and ridiculous events in it, as well as the large sections cobbled together from miscellaneous Bible passages, but presented as if they were spoken by pre-Colonial Jewish settlers in America.
At one point, the Mormons gave me one of their monthly publications and told me that there was an article in it proving that the Book of Mormon had all the characteristics noted in the Bible. I actually purchased a book that was the basis of that claim. It was by a Brigham Young professor of law who claimed he had detected in the Book of Mormon the same literary symmetry found throughout the Old and New Testament. Since that just happened to be the subject of a 20+ year study I had been conducting myself, I was easily able to debunk all those claims and show that the only traces of real symmetry were found in those long passages that had been lifted verbatim from the Bible.
Getting back to the specific subject of entertaining those of dubious theological pretensions in your home church, Gwen and I belonged to two such home groups for a number of years while in Georgetown. At one of these, we were between subjects to study when one of our members said that there was a Bible teacher in town who had given a 4-6 week study on the Bible to another home group and they thoroughly enjoyed it. We invited him to present his series to us, and I for one soon regretted that decision. I would have to agree that it was indeed interesting to listen to, but when I asked the speaker at a break to provide me with the original sources of some of the enlightening “facts” he had been presenting [including the exact number of Christians Saul killed before his conversion and the discovery of Noah's ark], the best he could come up with were an article from a defunct Australian newspaper and a publication put out by a group of Christian businessmen in Singapore – hardly definitive sources.
At another point I privately warned him that equating the creation of light in Genesis 1 with the fact that Jesus is called “light” in the New Testament is the same as proclaiming that Jesus is a created being, a blatant heresy by any standard. He admitted that “perhaps” it could be taken that way and said he would eliminate that from his future presentations. As to the array of quite dubious “facts” he had been regaling us with, I pointed out to him that they were all speculative at best and out-and-out lies at worst. He admitted that I was probably right but responded, “I put them in because they are new and exciting for my audience and grab their attention before presenting the important theological points that I make in my last lessons. I interpreted that to mean he was willing to peddle untruths in the service of truth.
The end of the story is that we were very polite during his presentations, no one (including myself) confronted him openly, and in the weeks after he had left I was able to sort out the wheat from the chaff in a subsequent talks to our group to make sure that no one was misled by what he had said. This is not exactly the same situation that the apostle John was taking about since our invited speaker was not an actual heretic by any means, and again our group consisted of those who had been Christians for years and were unlikely to be led astray too badly by any false teachings. And at the same time, I think it is sometimes very helpful in such situations to be exposed to aberrant ideas to help develop discernment in believers.
Finally, the same general principle taught by John in II John 10 can be applied to Sunday school groups since putting an untested teacher in charge of one is a risky business. So I understood, and actually appreciated, it whenever I joined a new church and volunteered to teach a class, when the leadership took the pains to first carefully monitor what I was saying to make sure that I was not misleading anyone. This was done at one church by first having me team-teach with one of their more experienced teachers. And at a subsequent congregation, the pastor himself sat in on all the special evening classes I taught – at first, I am sure, to keep me on the straight and narrow and later because, as he admitted later, he found he was learning something new himself.
Twice after that point, that pastor asked me to be the one to talk to men in the church who had proposed starting new Sunday school classes and possibly to team-teach with them. One of these men was obviously only interested in utilizing a class as the basis of a multi-generational sociological study he wanted to do. In the other case, the would-be teacher turned out to be a rather obnoxious and totally heretical son of one of the influential deacons in the church. I gained both of those insights in the first and only meeting I had with him at a coffee shop where he was much more interested in what was on his laptop computer than taking the time to talk to me. I think our pastor was also very dubious about letting his teach, but wanted some added ammunition before confronting the father with that news. Fortunately, it turned out the man's father was even more adamant that his son not be allowed to teach and even brought pressure to bear to get him removed from the church rolls.
At that same church, I learned that before I had begun attending, a man started teaching a Sunday school class downstairs on the Jewish customs in the Bible. With time, he began teaching them rudimentary Hebrew and Jewish chants, which morphed into a two-hour session in which they had their own worship service in place of the one held upstairs. Actually, it was an exact replay of what Paul encountered in churches such as at Galatia when “Judaizers” infiltrated the church and began demanding that every Gentile there be circumcised and that all the Jewish ceremonies be observed. After letting the situation get out of control in our church, at last the leadership disbanded the splinter group which had in effect set up their own independent church under our roof.
The same sort of thing happened at that church when I was serving on the Personnel Committee during a time when we were between senior pastors. One of the members of the church was a young man whose full-time job was as a motivational speaker for businesses. He attracted many of the young married men in the congregation to his class where he taught them that they were not only the future of the church, but they should take their rightful spot right now as leaders. And the hiatus between church leadership at the time provided the ideal opportunity for them to do so. As a result, they practically led a revolt against the deacons and church committees, championing our youth pastor at the time as the obvious successor to power. This led to some really ugly confrontations, all of which would probably not have happened if some better screening and monitoring of the Sunday school teacher had been done from the very beginning.
The upshot of all of it was that we had to discipline the youth pastor, warn the remaining associate pastors, and fire one of the church secretaries. The disgruntled youth pastor, along with all of those men in the class and wives, left to start their own church. That fledgling congregation lasted only about six months since the rather self-centered men in the group didn't want to put in the necessary money, time or effort to make a go of it. Instead, I learned that a number of them decided that what they really wanted to do was buy expensive motorcycles instead and ride them around during the weekends rather than attending church.