Philippians 3:2

In this passage, Paul warns the church about three classes of people: dogs, evil doers, and those who mutilate the flesh.  The second group is self explanatory, and the third group probably refers to those Christians who still insisted on circumcision as a requirement for church membership.  But who were the "dogs?"

As a matter of fact, practically all commentators on this passage agree that there was only one class of people described by these three terms: the judiazers. "Dogs" is a particularly derisive term to use since these animals were considered by the Jews as scavengers in a class with hyenas and vultures.

Beware of Dog (2010) (4" x 6")

collage on hardboard